INDIA -PART 1
Anang P.Setiawan
WESTERN IMPACT ON SOUTH AND SOUTHEAST ASIA (INDIA - Part 1)
1500s – The Europeans first entered South and Southeast Asia.
1511 – Portuguese forces captured Malacca in Malaya (today Malaysia)
In the Late 1500s – Spain gained control of Philippines.
In the early 1600s – Dutch took over the islands that make up Indonesia
1800s – Great Britain began ruling India, Burma, Singapore, and most of present day Malaysia.
In the Late 1800s – French took over Indochina (today Cambodia, Laos, and Vietnam)
1898 – United States acquired the Philipphines from Spain.
Only Siam (today Thailand escaped colonial rule)
The Indian Society
In the 16th and 17th centuries : India was ruled by the Mogul Empire.
The territory was divided into many states.
Each was ruled by a tribal chief or a prince.
Most people were Hindus. They spoke Hindi with many dialects.
Some customs were terrible : e.g. A woman had to be burnt alive with the body of her dead husband (suttee)
1500s – The Europeans first entered South and Southeast Asia.
1511 – Portuguese forces captured Malacca in Malaya (today Malaysia)
In the Late 1500s – Spain gained control of Philippines.
In the early 1600s – Dutch took over the islands that make up Indonesia
1800s – Great Britain began ruling India, Burma, Singapore, and most of present day Malaysia.
In the Late 1800s – French took over Indochina (today Cambodia, Laos, and Vietnam)
1898 – United States acquired the Philipphines from Spain.
Only Siam (today Thailand escaped colonial rule)
The Indian Society
In the 16th and 17th centuries : India was ruled by the Mogul Empire.
The territory was divided into many states.
Each was ruled by a tribal chief or a prince.
Most people were Hindus. They spoke Hindi with many dialects.
Some customs were terrible : e.g. A woman had to be burnt alive with the body of her dead husband (suttee)
East India Company (CIE)
In 1600 – EIC was established by a group of English merchants and has a monopoly over trade with India granted by the British Government.
It was also given the power to govern and defend itself.
During the 1600s – established trading ports and forts at Bombay, Calcutta and Madras.
The mid 1700s – Mogul Empires had lost its power.
Then CIE became a territorial power and control over India.
Later, the British government discovered the corrupt activities of the company officials.
In 1773 – Parliament passed an Act to bring the company under partial government supervision.
The government appointed a Governor-General to rule the territory of the company.
Era of Reforms
Warren Hastings – The first Governor-General of India set up a board of revenue in Calcuta to collect revenue.
Lord William Bentinck, another Governor General introduced a series of reforms between 1828-1835 :
Reduced expediture on the civil and military services.
Employed some Indians in higher government post.
Founded the Calcutta Medical College and made English as the medium of instruction and the official language.
Abolished suttee and the killing of female babies.
Introduced Westen technology such as roads, canals and railways.
Lord Dalhousie governed India between 1848 and 1856.
He created the Public Works Department and bulit more roads, canals, and railways.
He introduced the Widow Remarriage Act which legalized the remarriage of Hindu widows.
He made the parliament pass an Act which reduced the power of EIC.
The Indian Mutiny
The introduction of Westen Innovations disturbed the lifestyle of Indian people
They developed anti-British feelings.
Sepoys (indian soldier) were treated badly and paid low wages as compared with British soldiers.
In 1857, the Indian people, led by sepoys rebelled against the British.
The rebel seized the area between the Punjab and Bengal.
The rebellion was put down in 1858
End of Part 1 document
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